Only two real changes. First, Bu::FString and Bu::FBasicString are in different

files.  This won't affect any programs at all anywhere.  This will just make it
easier to maintain and extend later.  You still want to include "bu/fstring.h"
and use Bu::FString in code.

The other is kinda fun.  I created a special format for unit tests, they use the
extension .unit now and use the mkunit.sh script to convert them to c++ code.
There are some nice features here too, maintaining unit tests is much, much
easier, and we can have more features without making the code any harder to use.

Also, it will be easier to have the unit tests generate reports and be run from
a master program and the like.

1 files changed, 1132 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/fbasicstring.h b/src/fbasicstring.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..669784b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fbasicstring.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Xagasoft, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This file is part of the libbu++ library and is released under the
+ * terms of the license contained in the file LICENSE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef BU_F_BASIC_STRING_H
+#define BU_F_BASIC_STRING_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+#include <wordexp.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bu/archival.h"
+#include "bu/archive.h"
+#include "bu/util.h"
+
+namespace Bu
+{
+        template< typename chr >
+        struct FStringChunk
+        {
+                long nLength;
+                chr *pData;
+                FStringChunk *pNext;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Flexible String class.  This class was designed with string passing and
+         * generation in mind.  Like the standard string class you can specify what
+         * datatype to use for each character.  Unlike the standard string class,
+         * collection of appended and prepended terms is done lazily, making long
+         * operations that involve many appends very inexpensive.  In addition
+         * internal ref-counting means that if you pass strings around between
+         * functions there's almost no overhead in time or memory since a reference
+         * is created and no data is actually copied.  This also means that you
+         * never need to put any FBasicString into a ref-counting container class.
+         *
+         *@param chr (typename) Type of character (i.e. char)
+         *@param nMinSize (int) Chunk size (default: 256)
+         *@param chralloc (typename) Memory Allocator for chr
+         *@param chunkalloc (typename) Memory Allocator for chr chunks
+         */
+        template< typename chr, int nMinSize=256, typename chralloc=std::allocator<chr>, typename chunkalloc=std::allocator<struct FStringChunk<chr> > >
+        class FBasicString : public Archival
+        {
+#ifndef VALTEST
+#define cpy( dest, src, size ) memcpy( dest, src, size*sizeof(chr) )
+#endif
+        private:
+                //template< typename chr >
+        /*      struct Chunk
+                {
+                        long nLength;
+                        chr *pData;
+                        FChunk *pNext;
+                }; */
+
+                typedef struct FStringChunk<chr> Chunk;
+                typedef struct FBasicString<chr, nMinSize, chralloc, chunkalloc> MyType;
+
+        public:
+                FBasicString() :
+                        nLength( 0 ),
+                        pFirst( NULL ),
+                        pLast( NULL )
+                {
+                }
+
+                FBasicString( const chr *pData ) :
+                        nLength( 0 ),
+                        pFirst( NULL ),
+                        pLast( NULL )
+                {
+                        append( pData );
+                }
+
+                FBasicString( const chr *pData, long nLength ) :
+                        nLength( 0 ),
+                        pFirst( NULL ),
+                        pLast( NULL )
+                {
+                        append( pData, nLength );
+                }
+
+                FBasicString( const MyType &rSrc ) :
+                        Archival(),
+                        nLength( 0 ),
+                        pFirst( NULL ),
+                        pLast( NULL )
+                {
+                        if( rSrc.nLength > 0 )
+                        {
+                                rSrc.flatten();
+                                append( rSrc.pFirst->pData, rSrc.nLength );
+                        }
+                }
+
+                FBasicString( const MyType &rSrc, long nLength ) :
+                        nLength( 0 ),
+                        pFirst( NULL ),
+                        pLast( NULL )
+                {
+                        append( rSrc.pFirst->pData, nLength );
+                }
+                
+                FBasicString( const MyType &rSrc, long nStart, long nLength ) :
+                        nLength( 0 ),
+                        pFirst( NULL ),
+                        pLast( NULL )
+                {
+                        append( rSrc.pFirst->pData+nStart, nLength );
+                }
+
+                FBasicString( long nSize ) :
+                        nLength( nSize ),
+                        pFirst( NULL ),
+                        pLast( NULL )
+                {
+                        pFirst = pLast = newChunk( nSize );
+                }
+
+                virtual ~FBasicString()
+                {
+                        clear();
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 *@todo void append( const MyType & sData )
+                 */
+
+                /**
+                 * Append data to your string.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The data to append.
+                 */
+                void append( const chr *pData )
+                {
+                        if( !pData ) return;
+                        long nLen;
+                        for( nLen = 0; pData[nLen] != (chr)0; nLen++ ) { }
+                        if( nLen == 0 )
+                                return;
+                
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nLen );
+                        cpy( pNew->pData, pData, nLen );
+
+                        appendChunk( pNew );
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Append data to your string.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The data to append.
+                 *@param nLen (long) The length of the data to append.
+                 */
+                void append( const chr *pData, long nLen )
+                {
+                        if( nLen == 0 )
+                                return;
+
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nLen );
+                        
+                        cpy( pNew->pData, pData, nLen );
+
+                        appendChunk( pNew );
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Append a single chr to your string.
+                 *@param cData (const chr &) The character to append.
+                 */
+                void append( const chr &cData )
+                {
+                        if( pLast && pLast->nLength < nMinSize )
+                        {
+                                pLast->pData[pLast->nLength] = cData;
+                                ++pLast->nLength; ++nLength;
+                //              pLast->pData[pLast->nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                append( &cData, 1 );
+                        }
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Append another FString to this one.
+                 *@param sData (MyType &) The FString to append.
+                 */
+                void append( const MyType & sData )
+                {
+                        append( sData.getStr(), sData.getSize() );
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Append another FString to this one.
+                 *@param sData (MyType &) The FString to append.
+                 *@param nLen How much data to append.
+                 */
+                void append( const MyType & sData, long nLen )
+                {
+                        append( sData.getStr(), nLen );
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Prepend another FString to this one.
+                 *@param sData (MyType &) The FString to prepend.
+                 */
+                void prepend( const MyType & sData )
+                {
+                        prepend( sData.getStr(), sData.getSize() );
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Prepend data to your string.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The data to prepend.
+                 */
+                void prepend( const chr *pData )
+                {
+                        if( pData == NULL )
+                                return;
+                        long nLen;
+                        for( nLen = 0; pData[nLen] != (chr)0; nLen++ ) { }
+                        
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nLen );
+                        cpy( pNew->pData, pData, nLen );
+
+                        prependChunk( pNew );
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Prepend data to your string.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The data to prepend.
+                 *@param nLen (long) The length of the data to prepend.
+                 */
+                void prepend( const chr *pData, long nLen )
+                {
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nLen );
+                        
+                        cpy( pNew->pData, pData, nLen );
+
+                        prependChunk( pNew );
+                }
+
+                void insert( long nPos, const chr *pData, long nLen )
+                {
+                        if( nLen <= 0 )
+                                return;
+                        if( nPos <= 0 )
+                        {
+                                prepend( pData, nLen );
+                        }
+                        else if( nPos >= nLength )
+                        {
+                                append( pData, nLen );
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                flatten();
+                                Chunk *p1 = newChunk( nPos );
+                                Chunk *p2 = newChunk( nLen );
+                                Chunk *p3 = newChunk( nLength-nPos );
+                                cpy( p1->pData, pFirst->pData, nPos );
+                                cpy( p2->pData, pData, nLen );
+                                cpy( p3->pData, pFirst->pData+nPos, nLength-nPos );
+                                clear();
+                                appendChunk( p1 );
+                                appendChunk( p2 );
+                                appendChunk( p3 );
+                        }
+                }
+
+                void insert( long nPos, const MyType &str )
+                {
+                        if( nPos <= 0 )
+                        {
+                                prepend( str );
+                        }
+                        else if( nPos >= nLength )
+                        {
+                                append( str );
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                flatten();
+                                Chunk *p1 = newChunk( nPos );
+                                Chunk *p3 = newChunk( nLength-nPos );
+                                cpy( p1->pData, pFirst->pData, nPos );
+                                cpy( p3->pData, pFirst->pData+nPos, nLength-nPos );
+                                clear();
+                                appendChunk( p1 );
+                                for( Chunk *pChnk = str.pFirst; pChnk; pChnk = pChnk->pNext )
+                                {
+                                        appendChunk( copyChunk( pChnk ) );
+                                }
+
+                                appendChunk( p3 );
+                        }
+                }
+
+                void insert( long nPos, const chr *pData )
+                {
+                        insert( nPos, pData, strlen( pData ) );
+                }
+
+                void remove( long nPos, long nLen )
+                {
+                        if( nLen <= 0 || nPos < 0 || nPos >= nLength )
+                                return;
+                        if( nLen > nLength-nPos )
+                                nLen = nLength-nPos;
+                        flatten();
+                        cpy( pFirst->pData+nPos, pFirst->pData+nPos+nLen, nLength-nPos-nLen+1 );
+                        nLength -= nLen;
+                        pFirst->nLength -= nLen;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 *@todo void prepend( const chr &cData )
+                 */
+
+                /**
+                 * Clear all data from the string.
+                 */
+                void clear()
+                {
+                        realClear();
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Force the string to resize
+                 *@param nNewSize (long) The new size of the string.
+                 */
+                void resize( long nNewSize )
+                {
+                        if( nLength == nNewSize )
+                                return;
+                        if( nNewSize < 0 )
+                                nNewSize = 0;
+
+                        flatten();
+
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nNewSize );
+                        long nNewLen = (nNewSize<nLength)?(nNewSize):(nLength);
+                        if( nLength > 0 )
+                        {
+                                cpy( pNew->pData, pFirst->pData, nNewLen );
+                                aChr.deallocate( pFirst->pData, pFirst->nLength+1 );
+                                aChunk.deallocate( pFirst, 1 );
+                        }
+                        pNew->pData[nNewLen] = (chr)0;
+                        pFirst = pLast = pNew;
+                        nLength = nNewSize;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Get the current size of the string.
+                 *@returns (long) The current size of the string.
+                 */
+                long getSize() const
+                {
+                        return nLength;
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Get a pointer to the string array.
+                 *@returns (chr *) The string data.
+                 */
+                chr *getStr()
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                return (chr *)"";
+
+                        flatten();
+                        pFirst->pData[nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        return pFirst->pData;
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Get a const pointer to the string array.
+                 *@returns (const chr *) The string data.
+                 */
+                const chr *getStr() const
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                return (chr *)"";
+
+                        flatten();
+                        pFirst->pData[nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        return pFirst->pData;
+                }
+
+                MyType getSubStr( long iStart, long iSize=-1 ) const
+                {
+                        if( iStart < 0 )
+                                iStart = 0;
+                        if( iStart >= nLength )
+                                return "";
+                        if( iSize < 0 )
+                                iSize = nLength;
+                        if( iStart+iSize > nLength )
+                                iSize = nLength-iStart;
+                        if( iSize == 0 )
+                                return "";
+
+                        flatten();
+                        MyType ret( pFirst->pData+iStart, iSize );
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * (std::string compatability) Get a pointer to the string array.
+                 *@returns (chr *) The string data.
+                 */
+                DEPRECATED
+                chr *c_str()
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                return NULL;
+
+                        flatten();
+                        pFirst->pData[nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        return pFirst->pData;
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * (std::string compatability) Get a const pointer to the string array.
+                 *@returns (const chr *) The string data.
+                 */
+                DEPRECATED
+                const chr *c_str() const
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                return NULL;
+
+                        flatten();
+                        pFirst->pData[nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        return pFirst->pData;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Plus equals operator for FString.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The data to append to your FString.
+                 */
+                MyType &operator +=( const chr *pData )
+                {
+                        append( pData );
+
+                        return (*this);
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Plus equals operator for FString.
+                 *@param pData (const MyType &) The FString to append to your FString.
+                 */
+                MyType &operator +=( const MyType &rSrc )
+                {
+                        if( rSrc.nLength == 0 )
+                                return (*this);
+                        rSrc.flatten();
+                        append( rSrc.pFirst->pData, rSrc.nLength );
+
+                        return (*this);
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Plus equals operator for FString.
+                 *@param pData (const chr) The character to append to your FString.
+                 */
+                MyType &operator +=( const chr cData )
+                {
+                        if( pLast && pLast->nLength < nMinSize )
+                        {
+                                pLast->pData[pLast->nLength] = cData;
+                                ++pLast->nLength; ++nLength;
+                //              pLast->pData[pLast->nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                append( &cData, 1 );
+                        }
+                        //append( pData );
+
+                        return (*this);
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Assignment operator.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The character array to append to your
+                 *              FString.
+                 */
+                MyType &operator =( const chr *pData )
+                {
+                        clear();
+                        append( pData );
+
+                        return (*this);
+                }
+
+                MyType &operator =( const std::basic_string<chr> &rData )
+                {
+                        clear();
+                        append( rData.c_str(), rData.size() );
+
+                        return (*this);
+                }
+
+                MyType operator +( const MyType &rRight )
+                {
+                        MyType ret( *this );
+                        ret.append( rRight );
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                MyType operator +( const chr *pRight )
+                {
+                        MyType ret( *this );
+                        ret.append( pRight );
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                MyType operator +( chr *pRight )
+                {
+                        MyType ret( *this );
+                        ret.append( pRight );
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Reset your FString to this character array.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The character array to set your FString to.
+                 */
+                void set( const chr *pData )
+                {
+                        clear();
+                        append( pData );
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Reset your FString to this character array.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The character array to set your FString to.
+                 *@param nSize (long) The length of the inputted character array.
+                 */
+                void set( const chr *pData, long nSize )
+                {
+                        clear();
+                        append( pData, nSize );
+                }
+
+                void expand()
+                {
+                        flatten();
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+                        wordexp_t result;
+
+                        /* Expand the string for the program to run.  */
+                        switch (wordexp (pFirst->pData, &result, 0))
+                        {
+                                case 0:                       /* Successful.  */
+                                        {
+                                                set( result.we_wordv[0] );
+                                                wordfree( &result );
+                                                return;
+                                        }
+                                        break;
+                                case WRDE_NOSPACE:
+                                        /* If the error was `WRDE_NOSPACE',
+                                        then perhaps part of the result was allocated.  */
+                                        wordfree (&result);
+                                default:                    /* Some other error.  */
+                                        return;
+                        }
+#endif
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Assignment operator.
+                 *@param rSrc (const MyType &) The FString to set your FString to.
+                 */
+                MyType &operator =( const MyType &rSrc )
+                {
+                        copyFrom( rSrc );
+
+                        return (*this);
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Equals comparison operator.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The character array to compare your FString
+                 *              to.
+                 */
+                bool operator ==( const chr *pData ) const
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL ) {
+                                if( pData == NULL )
+                                        return true;
+                                if( pData[0] == (chr)0 )
+                                        return true;
+                                return false;
+                        }
+
+                        flatten();
+                        pFirst->pData[nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        const chr *a = pData;
+                        chr *b = pFirst->pData;
+                        for( long j = 0; *a!=(chr)0 || *b!=(chr)0; j++, a++, b++ )
+                        {
+                                if( *a != *b )
+                                        return false;
+                                if( *a == (chr)0 && j < nLength )
+                                        return false;
+                        }
+
+                        return true;
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Equals comparison operator.
+                 *@param pData (const MyType &) The FString to compare your FString to.
+                 */
+                bool operator ==( const MyType &pData ) const
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == pData.pFirst )
+                                return true;
+                        if( pFirst == NULL ) 
+                                return false;
+                        if( nLength != pData.nLength )
+                                return false;
+
+                        flatten();
+                        pData.flatten();
+                        const chr *a = pData.pFirst->pData;
+                        chr *b = pFirst->pData;
+                        for( long j = 0; j < nLength; j++, a++, b++ )
+                        {
+                                if( *a != *b )
+                                        return false;
+                        }
+
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Not equals comparison operator.
+                 *@param pData (const chr *) The character array to compare your FString
+                 *              to.
+                 */
+                bool operator !=(const chr *pData ) const
+                {
+                        return !(*this == pData);
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Not equals comparison operator.
+                 *@param pData (const MyType &) The FString to compare your FString to.
+                 */
+                bool operator !=(const MyType &pData ) const
+                {
+                        return !(*this == pData);
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Indexing operator
+                 *@param nIndex (long) The index of the character you want.
+                 *@returns (chr &) The character at position (nIndex).
+                 */
+                chr &operator[]( long nIndex )
+                {
+                        flatten();
+
+                        return pFirst->pData[nIndex];
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Const indexing operator
+                 *@param nIndex (long) The index of the character you want.
+                 *@returns (const chr &) The character at position (nIndex).
+                 */
+                const chr &operator[]( long nIndex ) const
+                {
+                        flatten();
+
+                        return pFirst->pData[nIndex];
+                }
+/*
+                operator const chr *() const
+                {
+                        if( !pFirst ) return NULL;
+                        flatten();
+                        return pFirst->pData;
+                }
+                */
+
+                operator bool() const
+                {
+                        return (pFirst != NULL);
+                }
+
+                bool isSet() const
+                {
+                        return (pFirst != NULL);
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Is the character at index (nIndex) white space?
+                 *@param nIndex (long) The index of the character you want to check.
+                 *@returns (bool) Is it white space?
+                 */
+                bool isWS( long nIndex ) const
+                {
+                        flatten();
+
+                        return pFirst->pData[nIndex]==' ' || pFirst->pData[nIndex]=='\t'
+                                || pFirst->pData[nIndex]=='\r' || pFirst->pData[nIndex]=='\n';
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Is the character at index (nIndex) a letter?
+                 *@param nIndex (long) The index of the character you want to check.
+                 *@returns (bool) Is it a letter?
+                 */
+                bool isAlpha( long nIndex ) const
+                {
+                        flatten();
+
+                        return (pFirst->pData[nIndex] >= 'a' && pFirst->pData[nIndex] <= 'z')
+                                || (pFirst->pData[nIndex] >= 'A' && pFirst->pData[nIndex] <= 'Z');
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Convert your alpha characters to lower case.
+                 */
+                void toLower()
+                {
+                        flatten();
+
+                        for( long j = 0; j < nLength; j++ )
+                        {
+                                if( pFirst->pData[j] >= 'A' && pFirst->pData[j] <= 'Z' )
+                                        pFirst->pData[j] -= 'A'-'a';
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Convert your alpha characters to upper case.
+                 */
+                void toUpper()
+                {
+                        flatten();
+
+                        for( long j = 0; j < nLength; j++ )
+                        {
+                                if( pFirst->pData[j] >= 'a' && pFirst->pData[j] <= 'z' )
+                                        pFirst->pData[j] += 'A'-'a';
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Find the index of the first occurrance of (sText)
+                 *@param sText (const chr *) The string to search for.
+                 *@returns (long) The index of the first occurrance. -1 for not found.
+                 */
+                long find( const chr cChar ) const
+                {
+                        flatten();
+                        for( long j = 0; j < pFirst->nLength; j++ )
+                        {
+                                if( pFirst->pData[j] == cChar )
+                                        return j;
+                        }
+                        return -1;
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Find the index of the first occurrance of cChar
+                 *@param cChar (const chr) The character to search for.
+                 *@returns (long) The index of the first occurrance. -1 for not found.
+                 */
+                long find( const chr *sText ) const
+                {
+                        long nTLen = strlen( sText );
+                        flatten();
+                        for( long j = 0; j < pFirst->nLength-nTLen; j++ )
+                        {
+                                if( !strncmp( sText, pFirst->pData+j, nTLen ) )
+                                        return j;
+                        }
+                        return -1;
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Find the index of the first occurrance of cChar
+                 *@param sText (const chr *) The string to search for.
+                 *@returns (long) The index of the first occurrance. -1 for not found.
+                 */
+                long find( long iStart, const chr cChar ) const
+                {
+                        flatten();
+                        for( long j = iStart; j < pFirst->nLength; j++ )
+                        {
+                                if( pFirst->pData[j] == cChar )
+                                        return j;
+                        }
+                        return -1;
+                }
+                
+                /**
+                 * Find the index of the first occurrance of sText
+                 *@param cChar (const chr) The character to search for.
+                 *@returns (long) The index of the first occurrance. -1 for not found.
+                 */
+                long find( long iStart, const chr *sText ) const
+                {
+                        long nTLen = strlen( sText );
+                        flatten();
+                        for( long j = iStart; j < pFirst->nLength-nTLen; j++ )
+                        {
+                                if( !strncmp( sText, pFirst->pData+j, nTLen ) )
+                                        return j;
+                        }
+                        return -1;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Do a reverse search for (sText)
+                 *@param sText (const chr *) The string to search for.
+                 *@returns (long) The index of the last occurrance. -1 for not found.
+                 */
+                long rfind( const chr *sText ) const
+                {
+                        long nTLen = strlen( sText );
+                        flatten();
+                        for( long j = pFirst->nLength-nTLen-1; j >= 0; j-- )
+                        {
+                                if( !strncmp( sText, pFirst->pData+j, nTLen ) )
+                                        return j;
+                        }
+                        return -1;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Remove nAmnt bytes from the front of the string.  This function
+                 * operates in O(n) time and should be used sparingly.
+                 */
+                void trimFront( long nAmnt )
+                {
+                        long nNewLen = nLength - nAmnt;
+                        flatten();
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nNewLen );
+                        cpy( pNew->pData, pFirst->pData+nAmnt, nNewLen );
+                        clear();
+                        appendChunk( pNew );
+                }
+
+                void format( const char *sFrmt, ...)
+                {
+                        clear();
+
+                        va_list ap;
+                        va_start( ap, sFrmt );
+
+                        long iLen = vsnprintf( NULL, 0, sFrmt, ap );
+                        
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( iLen );
+                        vsnprintf( pNew->pData, iLen+1, sFrmt, ap );
+                        appendChunk( pNew );
+
+                        va_end( ap );
+                }
+
+                void formatAppend( const char *sFrmt, ...)
+                {
+                        va_list ap;
+                        va_start( ap, sFrmt );
+
+                        long iLen = vsnprintf( NULL, 0, sFrmt, ap );
+                        
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( iLen );
+                        vsnprintf( pNew->pData, iLen+1, sFrmt, ap );
+                        appendChunk( pNew );
+
+                        va_end( ap );
+                }
+
+                void formatPrepend( const char *sFrmt, ...)
+                {
+                        va_list ap;
+                        va_start( ap, sFrmt );
+
+                        long iLen = vsnprintf( NULL, 0, sFrmt, ap );
+                        
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( iLen );
+                        vsnprintf( pNew->pData, iLen+1, sFrmt, ap );
+                        prependChunk( pNew );
+
+                        va_end( ap );
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Function the archiver calls to archive your FString.
+                 *@param ar (Archive) The archive which is archiving your FString.
+                 */
+                void archive( class Archive &ar )
+                {
+                        if( ar.isLoading() )
+                        {
+                                clear();
+                                long nLen;
+                                ar >> nLen;
+
+                                if( nLen > 0 )
+                                {
+                                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nLen );
+                                        ar.read( pNew->pData, nLen*sizeof(chr) );
+                                        appendChunk( pNew );
+                                }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                flatten();
+                                
+                                ar << nLength;
+                                if( nLength )
+                                        ar.write( pFirst->pData, nLength*sizeof(chr) );
+                        }
+                }
+
+                typedef chr *iterator;
+                typedef const chr *const_iterator;
+
+                iterator begin()
+                {
+                        if( nLength == 0 )
+                                return NULL;
+                        flatten();
+                        return pFirst->pData;
+                }
+
+                const_iterator begin() const
+                {
+                        if( nLength == 0 )
+                                return NULL;
+                        flatten();
+                        return pFirst->pData;
+                }
+
+                iterator end()
+                {
+                        if( nLength == 0 )
+                                return NULL;
+                        return pFirst->pData+pFirst->nLength;
+                }
+
+                const_iterator end() const
+                {
+                        if( nLength == 0 )
+                                return NULL;
+                        return pFirst->pData+pFirst->nLength;
+                }
+
+                bool isEmpty() const
+                {
+                        if( nLength == 0 )
+                                return true;
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+        private:
+                void flatten() const
+                {
+                        if( isFlat() )
+                                return;
+
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                return;
+
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( nLength );
+                        chr *pos = pNew->pData;
+                        Chunk *i = pFirst;
+                        for(;;)
+                        {
+                                cpy( pos, i->pData, i->nLength );
+                                pos += i->nLength;
+                                i = i->pNext;
+                                if( i == NULL )
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                        realClear();
+
+                        pLast = pFirst = pNew;
+                        nLength = pNew->nLength;
+                }
+                
+                void realClear() const
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                return;
+
+                        Chunk *i = pFirst;
+                        for(;;)
+                        {
+                                Chunk *n = i->pNext;
+                                aChr.deallocate( i->pData, i->nLength+1 );
+                                aChunk.deallocate( i, 1 );
+                                if( n == NULL )
+                                        break;
+                                i = n;
+                        }
+                        pFirst = pLast = NULL;
+                        nLength = 0;
+                }
+                
+                void copyFrom( const FBasicString<chr, nMinSize, chralloc, chunkalloc> &rSrc )
+                {
+                        if( rSrc.pFirst == NULL )
+                        {
+                                clear();
+                                return;
+                        }
+                        
+                        Chunk *pNew = newChunk( rSrc.nLength );
+                        chr *pos = pNew->pData;
+                        Chunk *i = rSrc.pFirst;
+                        for(;;)
+                        {
+                                cpy( pos, i->pData, i->nLength );
+                                pos += i->nLength;
+                                i = i->pNext;
+                                if( i == NULL )
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                        clear();
+
+                        appendChunk( pNew );
+                }
+                
+                bool isFlat() const
+                {
+                        return (pFirst == pLast);
+                }
+
+                Chunk *newChunk() const
+                {
+                        Chunk *pNew = aChunk.allocate( 1 );
+                        pNew->pNext = NULL;
+                        return pNew;
+                }
+                
+                Chunk *newChunk( long nLen ) const
+                {
+                        Chunk *pNew = aChunk.allocate( 1 );
+                        pNew->pNext = NULL;
+                        pNew->nLength = nLen;
+                        pNew->pData = aChr.allocate( (nLen<nMinSize)?(nMinSize):(nLen)+1 );
+                        pNew->pData[nLen] = (chr)0;
+                        return pNew;
+                }
+
+                Chunk *copyChunk( Chunk *pSrc ) const
+                {
+                        Chunk *pNew = aChunk.allocate( 1 );
+                        pNew->pNext = pSrc->pNext;
+                        pNew->nLength = pSrc->nLength;
+                        pNew->pData = aChr.allocate( pSrc->nLength+1 );
+                        cpy( pNew->pData, pSrc->pData, pSrc->nLength );
+                        pNew->pData[pNew->nLength] = (chr)0;
+                        return pNew;
+                }
+
+                void appendChunk( Chunk *pNewChunk )
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                pLast = pFirst = pNewChunk;
+                        else
+                        {
+                                pLast->pNext = pNewChunk;
+                                pLast = pNewChunk;
+                        }
+
+                        nLength += pNewChunk->nLength;
+                }
+                
+                void prependChunk( Chunk *pNewChunk )
+                {
+                        if( pFirst == NULL )
+                                pLast = pFirst = pNewChunk;
+                        else
+                        {
+                                pNewChunk->pNext = pFirst;
+                                pFirst = pNewChunk;
+                        }
+
+                        nLength += pNewChunk->nLength;
+                }
+
+#ifdef VALTEST
+                void cpy( chr *dest, const chr *src, long count ) const
+                {
+                        for( int j = 0; j < count; j++ )
+                        {
+                                *dest = *src;
+                                dest++;
+                                src++;
+                        }
+                }
+#endif
+
+        private:
+                mutable long nLength;
+                mutable Chunk *pFirst;
+                mutable Chunk *pLast;
+
+                mutable chralloc aChr;
+                mutable chunkalloc aChunk;
+        };
+        
+        template<class T> FBasicString<T> operator +( const T *pLeft, const FBasicString<T> &rRight )
+        {
+                Bu::FBasicString<T> ret( pLeft );
+                ret.append( rRight );
+                return ret;
+        }
+}
+
+#ifndef VALTEST
+#undef cpy
+#endif
+
+#endif